Sun Also Rises Essays - English-language Films, The Sun Also Rises

Sun Also Rises Of the sections of American culture scarred by the anguish of the First World War, the harm was generally serious among the more youthful age of that time. Young and naive, these individuals were submerged fast into the enraged mixture of death and obliteration. When the war had finished, numerous discovered that they could no longer acknowledge what currently appeared to be pompous and conflicting good principles of countries that could be able to do such monstrosities. Some had the option to dismiss the agony and disarray enough to jump on with their lives. Others essentially got themselves unequipped for existing under their nation's meager fa?ade of prudence and traveled to another country, looking for some feeling of character or significance. These self-banished exiles were famously known as the Lost Generation a term credited to Gertrude Stein, who once told Hemingway: That is the thing that all of you are. All you youngsters who served in the war. You are a lost age... You have no regard for anything. You drink yourself to death.1 Many of these people would in general settle in Paris, a reasonable channel through which to seek after their new way of life. Content to float through life, urgently looking for a type of individual recovery through different types of extravagance, these individuals had surrendered their old worth framework and saints, just to discover trouble in finding new ones. A lot of new writing was generated with an end goal to catch the mentalities and sentiments of such people to reexamine a model of sorts for a people painfully deficient with regards to any good standard to follow. At the bleeding edge of these journalists was Ernest Hemingway, whose Novel, The Sun Also Rises, turned out to be simply such a model, total with Hemingway's own meaning of gallantry. A significant number of the characters in the novel spoke to the mainstream generalization of the post WWI ostracize Parisian: wanton and wild, with no genuine objectives or desire. Mike Campbell, Robert Cohn, furthermore, Lady Brett Ashley, and even the hero Jake Barnes all exhibit a few or on the other hand the entirety of the previously mentioned characteristics all through the novel. All appear to be consummately substance to exist in their own absent microcosm, complete with their own ?one of a kind' arrangement of virtues. While the characteristics of these characters rule, to a degree, the progression of the novel, it is essential to recognize their difference to Jake and the matador, Pedro Romero. In contrast to the others, these two characters fill in as courageous figures, but each in a totally different way. Jake is a genuinely reasonable hero. Like his companions, Jake is a casualty of a considerable lot of similar conditions. The thing that matters is that Jake doesn't let his passionate unrest degenerate his life in a similar way as the others. Dissimilar to the different exiles, he has not totally dismissed the entirety of the old estimations of the pre-WWI time. For instance: While Jake is by all accounts experiencing issues in totally tolerating his religion, he despite everything attempts to get a handle on to it, however maybe a minimal frightful that his handhold will break on the off chance that he gets a handle on too firmly: Tune in, Jake, he stated, are you actually a Catholic? In fact. What does that signify? I don't have the foggiest idea. (128-129) Along with this enthusiastic stuff, Jake likewise has a physical deformity as an injury he endured in the war, which has rendered him explicitly barren. Regardless of the manner by which his injury defeats his relationship with Brett, Jake acknowledges his circumstance with a extraordinary arrangement of respectability, in spite of the searing torment of his unfulfilled love. As is predictable with the practically human depiction of Jake's character, his job as a gallant figure is smothered to some degree by the requirements of society. As opposed to showing courageous accomplishments of dauntlessness reliable with the sentimental meaning of a saint, Jake's valiance is shown in a subtler, less substantial way. By showing the temperances of resilience, genuineness, persistence and understanding, Jake demonstrates himself to be as quite a bit of a chivalrous figure as can sensibly be normal in reality under traditional conditions. Jake's development and comprehension of the impediments of current society is demonstrated especially in his comment that: No one ever carries on with their life all the far up aside from matadors. (18) Pedro Romero really is separate fundamentally from the others. Basically impeccable, this youngster lives in the universe of the bullfighter: a world resistant from the requirements of progress. When Romero is in the bullring, he can rise above the bounds of the cutting edge world. He genuinely turns into the nearest estimate to the great meaning of a sentiment legend, maybe even to legendary extents. To the group, he is

Introduction to botany

Scientific categorization and Linnaean arrangement The taxonomical characterization of grasses is demonstrated below;Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Introduction to natural science explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kingdom; †Plantae Phylum; †Magnoliophyta (angiosperms/blooming plants) Class; †Liliopsida (monocotyledonous plants) Order; †Poales (Graminoid request) Family; †Poaceae (grass family) Genus; †PoaAdvertising Looking for article on science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Species; †Various species Introduction, Physical Description and Geographical Range Grasses can be depicted as herbivorous plants which have slender leaves developing from the plant base. They are predominant vegetation in numerous spots, for example, backwoods, fields and in damp districts. Grasses are found in pretty much every earthly habitant and some have been altered to suit keeps an eye on needs. The grass species surpass 9000 creation them one of the biggest natural families on the planet. Plant portrayal The grass plant is contained tillers/shoots that develop from the bud at the plant base. The tiller is involved leaf, stem hub and the stem internodes. These units normally rehash themselves. The leaves are connected to the stem at the internodes. The stems are empty and are refereed to as culms. The leaves develop at one plane (distichous) and are equal veined. The leaves have two sections; the lower sheath where it embrace on the stem and an edge which has sharp edges to forestall touching. The blossoms are generally masterminded as spikelets. These spikelets have at least one florets. At the early development phases of the plant, the hubs separation (internodes) is little and the stem stays at the base of the plant. As the improvement advances, the tiller stops to create leaves and structures a youthful seed head. At the point when this occu rs, the tiller does not develop anymore and cutting it off or nibbling doesn't influence the leaf development of the grass. At this stage, the upper internodes prolong, new tillers rise while the seed head increments long. Figure 1: the various pieces of a grass plant [source: Banhart, 1 ] Reproductive Habits and Life Cycle There are three principle advancement phases of grasses, these are;Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Introduction to herbal science explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vegetative development Leaves: At a beginning time, the leaves structure at the stem close to the ground. The leaves create chlorophyll and photosynthesis happens quick with the goal that they catch sun powered vitality to empower the arrangement of sugars. The overabundance sugars are put away in the roots and the plant crown. Ordinarily, the leaves delivered during spring kick the bucket and the sugars put away at the crown help in new leaf advancement during summer (Chapman 73). Roots: The essential root improvements happen during the underlying development stages and it takes care of the underlying leaves. These roots keep going for half a month and bite the dust. Optional roots create simultaneously with tillers. This development is bolstered by the sugars delivered by the leaves. The optional root goes on for one year and help in mooring the plant. Different sorts of root that create are the hair establishes that guide in food ingestion. Leguminous grasses produce a broad root framework underneath the dirt included stolons and rhizomes. Prolongation At the stretching stage, the stem of the grass protracts, at this stage just the upper internodes increment long. Conceptive Growth At the regenerative stage, the seed head creates. This happens following one year of vegetative development and is constrained by the plant hormones that animate the regenerative meristems to begin developing. During this stage, the conceptive parts stretch and structure the crown. The crown produces blossoms through which fertilization happens and seeds are framed (Barnhart 3). Environment The grasses possess the field biomes. They spread about 31% of the complete earth planet. There are arranged at the most minimal degree of the evolved way of life as they structure the nourishment for some munching creatures, for example, steers, goats, elephants, deer’s among others. Grasses are viable colonizers of any cleared land when contrasted with trees since they don’t have woody stems that are stomped on by creatures. Plants have adjustments that forestall exorbitant touching, their leaves have sharp edges that cut the nibblers and these forestall brushing. A few gases have solidified leaves. In any case, Grazing at the later phases of grass improvement expels the old undesirable stems and it is helpful in the re-development of the grass (Cheplick 125). Human Impacts, Importance and Management Grasses have various financial si gnificances both to people and creatures. They are nourishments to herbivores that are later eaten by the carnivores and consequently along with different plants, they support the whole natural way of life. They additionally structure nourishment for residential nibbling creatures, for example, cows, goats and sheep which become human food sources. Grasses are additionally widely utilized by people for beautification, in yards and in current football, cricket and golf fields.Advertising Searching for exposition on science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Grasses additionally influence horticulture, ranchers should clear grasses during weeding and this builds their cultivating costs. Individuals impactsly affect the grasses. Progressive infringement of the meadow has decreased its spread. Practices, for example, consuming grass, unmanaged eating, clearing land for horticulture, utilizing land for building and development have affected contrarily on this species. With the nonstop changes in atmosphere and changes in climate designs, it is normal that the grass populace will keep on lessening. Surprising climate conditions, for example, long dry seasons and short downpour result to the grasses biting the dust up. Works Cited Barnhart, Stephen. How field plants develop. PDF document. 22 April. 2012. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1791.pdf Chapman, Geoffrey. The Biology of Grasses, first ed, Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CABI publishers,1996. Print Cheplick, G. Populace Biology of Grasses, Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres s, 1998.Print. This exposition on Introduction to organic science was composed and presented by client Grievous to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Sample Letters For Nursing School Admission Essay

Sample Letters For Nursing School Admission EssayNursing school admission essay samples are commonly used as a guide to prepare for the essay. It helps in preparing the correct starting point, writing a better essay and helps to avoid having to rewrite your paper. Here are some sample cover letters for nursing school admission essay samples.To start with the letters, it is important to make use of a blank template. This is very helpful in starting your letter without having to search for the perfect words that will appear in the form. The letters can be written for other subjects, however the basic ideas are the same, without the necessary information from the person who is applying for the nursing course may not have a clear idea of what they need to do in order to ensure that they get a good grade.The first step is to write a general statement. This is a statement that has no specific details, rather a general idea of the main facts about the course that they are applying for. In t his example the statement would read, 'I am really interested in studying the field of nursing. I am interested in becoming a nurse and to help others by helping them through illness and injury.Important points should be included which could apply to your study program, but that may not be a topic covered within the essays they were given. These could include things such as the length of the program, benefits that come with a certificate or degree, what makes a suitable candidate for the course and how long it takes to complete the program.Then it is important to move onto a detailed statement that features points that the student expects to include in their essay. This could include:The point here is to provide information that will benefit the reader and should include the student's interest and expertise. This includes their time frame for completion and the time frame required to complete the course. The reader should understand that your knowledge and information will be benefi cial for their choice of career.Lastly, they should include a summary of their interests and abilities. An example of a summary of skills would be 'I am interested in working with patients and helping them with sickness and injury'. This list is a guideline and can vary from student to student.Cover letter for nursing school admission essay samples can easily be modified by the teacher and is an effective tool. In this way they can include the information needed to satisfy the examiners' requirements. The easy to find sample letters that can be used will assist in creating better essays for students who are applying for the course.

How to Conjugate the Verb Nager (to Swim) in French

Nager  is the French verb that means to swim. When you want to change it to the present, past, or future tense, you will need to know how to conjugate it and a quick lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Nager There are many French verb conjugations, though well concentrate on the most basic forms for this lesson. These include the ways that you can say I am swimming, we swam, and they will swim in French. Nager  is a  spelling change verb  and it follows the same pattern as all other verbs that end in -ger. The change to the spelling is essential in order to retain the soft  g  sound in the verbs stem (or radical). For example, if you didnt include the  e  in the imperfect past tense  je  and  tu  form, then the  g  would sound like it does in the word gold because its followed by an  a. To fix that problem and keep the  g  sounding like it does in gel, the  e  is used. Its a minor issue, but a very important one to remember. As you study the  nager  conjugations, youll match the subject pronoun with the tense of your sentence. The chart will guide you as to which endings to add and when that spelling change occurs. When you want to say I am swimming, it is  je nage. Likewise, we will swim is  nous nagerons. Present Future Imperfect je nage nagerai nageais tu nages nageras nageais il nage nagera nageait nous nageons nagerons nagions vous nagez nagerez nagiez ils nagent nageront nageaient The Present Participle of Nager The spelling change appears again in the  present participle  of  nager. Thats because we add -ant  to form  nageant. Nager  in the Compound Past Tense Beyond the imperfect, another way to express the past tense swam is with the  passà © composà ©. This is the most common compound and one youll use often. In order to construct this, you will use the present tense conjugation of the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match your subject, then attach the  past participle  nagà ©. For example, I swam is  jai nagà ©Ã‚  and we swam is  nous avons nagà ©. More Simple Conjugations of Nager You will use the conjugations of  nager  above most often, but there may be times when you will also need to know a few more basic forms. For instance, when the action of swimming may or may not happen, youll turn to  the subjunctive. When its dependent on something else, youll use  the conditional.   Though theyre used with less frequency, knowing or at least being able to recognize  the passà © simple  and  imperfect subjunctive  will be handy as well. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je nage nagerais nageai nageasse tu nages nagerais nageas nageasses il nage nagerait nagea naget nous nagions nagerions nagemes nageassions vous nagiez nageriez nagetes nageassiez ils nagent nageraient nagrent nageassent The  imperative  form  of  nager  is used for very short sentences such as, Swim! When using it, you dont have to include the subject pronoun, so you can get away with simplifying it to Nagez ! Imperative (tu) nage (vous) nagez (nous) nageons

Argumentative Essay Mock Accident - 1593 Words

Justin Jones Mock accident Comp 1 10-30-2017 Mock Accident Do you know how many teens drink and drive and how many of them die. Lets focus on how many teens that drink underage. Since 1991 there were more teens drinking at that time then there was in 2005 yes there ain t as many teens that drink. 85% of the teens that do drink and drive have had more than one drink they have had up to five drinks. Teens that think they can drive after just having a beer or two are wrong, first of all you shouldn t drive if you had anything to drink at all. If you do have a drink you should call your parents if you are still living there with them and then hide the keys so you can t leave and go driving around while you are drinking. The teens that†¦show more content†¦Once you hit 12th grade there is a 7% increase in the kids that have had 5 or more drinks. Lets try and prevent underage drinking. There are many ways we can do this one is by raising the price of alcohol. The only thing i see with this is the kids bumming money off their parents so they can have someone buy them alcohol. The second one is increasing the minimum legal drinking law but to be honest i don t think that will work the minimum age already is 21 and there are still teens drinking. So i really don t think that will work at all. The one i really think that will work is more school based prevention programs showing what could happen to them if they drink and drive. Like a mock accident or having someone come in and tell a life story and have it be really emotional not a boring presentation make the kids feel the pain that you went though. Take this time and think about how many people drink. Kids that see their parents drink there going to drink. The percentage of the whites that drink is 26% that means there kids would be the ones that drink more than the asian americans. The asian americans 13.5% of them that drink in the U.S. i really think what they re doing is what the rest of the world should do and together we could bring down the percentage down a lot. One thing we should do if you want to drink don t do itShow MoreRelatedHamlet; Tragic Hero3618 Words   |  15 Pages   Argumentative/Persuasive Essay                   Hamlet; The Tragic Hero            Ã‚  Ã‚      In many plays there is always one person that is the tragic hero. They always possess some type of tragic flaw that in turn leads to their tragic deaths. In the Shakespearean play HamletRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesGeneral Electric Company United Kingdom (GEC) Avionics Smiths Industries United Kingdom Program pattners Source: James Woolsey,777, Boeing s New Large Twinjet: Air Transport World (April 1994), p. 24. A Family of Planes 91 full scale mock-up of the 777 engine and showed Pratt and Whimey engineers gaps in the design, hard-to-reach points, visible but inaccessible parts, and accessible but invisible components. At the initial conference, Pratt and Whitney picked up 150 airline suggestionsRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he hadRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesbache lor’s degree. His salary is $27,000 per year. His wife is an attorney and earns approximately $50,000 per year. Lu is 26 years old and single with a master’s degree in education. He is paralyzed and confined to a wheelchair as a result of an auto accident. He earns $32,000 per year. Maria is a single, 22-year-old woman born and raised in Mexico. She came to the United States only 3 months ago, and her English needs considerable improvement. She earns $20,000 per year. Mike is a 16-year-old high schoolRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesoverdose? 2. Is the doctor obligated by the same laws as everybody else? 3. Would people be better off without society regimenting their lives and even their deaths? 4. Should the doctor make the woman’s death from a drug overdose appear to be an accident? 5. Does the state have the right to force continued existence on those who don’t want to live? 6. What is the value of death prior to soc iety’s perspective on personal values? 7. Should the doctor have sympathy for the woman’s suffering, or should

Cyber Bullying And The Modern Age Essay - 1268 Words

The Internet is a major part of the lives of children of this generation, yet most parents do not know exactly what their children do on the computer. As teenagers socially establish themselves within peer groups, and involve their parents less and less in their social lives, they are less likely to tell their parents what they are doing on the internet, or share internet conversations with their family. This allows cyber bullies to target victims without any repercussions. For the most part, cyber bullying is much like traditional forms of bullying, except for the fact that they take place online. It is generally viewed as a normative part of child development, and is done as a means of elevation one’s own social position. As cyber bullying takes place among other forms of bullying in the modern age research is being done by scientists to learn more about the nature of these aggressive acts and how to best deal with this problem amongst youth. Definitions of cyber bullying differ among scholars. In a study of cyber bullying cyber bullying was described as, â€Å"An aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself â€Å" (Smith, et al., 2008). Other experts define cyber bullying as â€Å"willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices† (â€Å"Cyberbullying Statistics, 2015). When they speak to students,Show MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1536 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been an extreme issue all around the world for hundreds of years, and since modern technology has advanced, so has cyber bullying. â€Å"‘Gimme’ your lunch money† has turned into texting and posting gruesome threats and embarrassing material all over social media. 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Cyber-bullying emerged from the anonymity technology provides bullies, the victimsâ₠¬â„¢ would receive repeated taunts, flames, in the form of emails, text messages, messages lefts on the victims’ social networking sites up to exclusion from those media sites. Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., andRead MoreCyberbullying: Are Social Networking Websites The Cause? Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook in one month. (Facebook) In todays day and age, social networking sites have taken over the internet. Sites such as MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr have linked people together in a way that was never thought possible. However, from all good comes bad, and from social networking sites the act of cyber bullying - bullying and harassing someone through the internet was born. Now, whether or not the websites are the cause of cyber bullying has become a rather controversial topic. Abraham

Architecture Manifesto Essay Example For Students

Architecture Manifesto Essay The length of architecture could be a little tiny piece of pencil to the entire broad Milky Way it’s upon us to explore the form of architecture that defines us. The term modern architecture is ambiguous. It can be understood to refer to all buildings of the modern period regardless of their ideological basis, or it can be understood more specifically as an architecture conscious of its own modernity and striving for change. Modern architecture is a category that usually complements buildings of the 20th and 21st century. It would include Bauhaus / International styles (sometimes used to describe Bauhaus architecture in United States) and also brutalism. Modernism was a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of the Art Deco, Art Nouveau and the Victorian ages. However, it is still a matter of taste. Even though Bauhaus, a German design school 3 (Operated from 1919-33 By founder Walter Gropius, then by Hans Mayer and Ludwig Mies der Van Rohe) which had profoundly influenced arts and architecture had been more concerned with social aspects of design; nonetheless, International style soon became a symbolism of Capitalism. To every (well, most of) architectural students or architects, living in the world of Le Corbusier would be like a trip to Narnia (whether you like it or not). We’ve heard so much about him, his creation and his legacy. His works stand today, still looking as â€Å"modern† as he intended to. Thus, proving that the concept of never be â€Å"out of style† in his modern buildings true. Whether do you agree with his theory or not, you have to give the man some credits, remembering that he had achieved all of what seems today as â€Å"normal† in the first half of the 20th century and most of the buildings nowadays inevitably had some of his influences more or less. According to his manifesto, â€Å"a house is the machine for living† in the sense that should have been governed by calculations and â€Å"standards†. Le Corbusier was fascinated with the idea of â€Å"mass production† (remembering that this was in the early 20th century), factories fascinated him with their simple forms and pure functions as with automobiles which were mass produced and designed to fit a certain standard. To achieve the utmost perfection, there must be a certain standards which derives from various calculations and experiments, Le Corbusier believes that all humans have a certain standards and are physically the same, he went further to the point of â€Å"objectifying† his name from â€Å"Charles-Edouard Jeanneret† to Le Corbusier, â€Å"Le† means â€Å"the†. The reason that his buildings are all so minimal is because he believed in the true pure primary forms, which he believed that â€Å"they can be clearly appreciated†. Gothic buildings, are not true architecture, â€Å"the styles are a lie†. Nevertheless, architectures from the past that he did admire were the pyramids, Pont du Gard and also the Parthenon all of which he stated, to have been derived from some standards and precise calculations. Thus, it almost all of his buildings, the simple pure geometrical forms became the most recognizable feature of his architecture as eventually what we recognize in most modern building nowadays. Playtime A Film by Jacques Tati Besides from moving to a little town in Northern India called â€Å"Chandigargh† where his â€Å"Radiant city† had been made into reality, a film by Jacques Tati, â€Å"Playtime† offer you quite a good idea of what would it be like if his creation and principles were made into reality. The film displays the struggle of an out-of-town man hoping to meet up with a man in Le Corbusier’s version of Paris. Here, the director’s point of view towards Corbusier was clear, that it would be a blunt, grey, boring society where everything, everywhere and everyone would sort of look the same. The modern standards and mass-produced society would erases identity to the point that we only recognize it’s Paris by the old French lady selling flowers at the street corner. I personally admired Le Corbusier who came up with all of these things that today, seems ordinary. We have to admit that without some of his theory, the world would be different today. However I think that the radiant city is a bit too far, hence, I agree to Tati’s viewpoint presented on the film. At first glance, it looks aesthetically pleasing with everything in order, nice modern high rises and the glass and steel structure but as we watched the film, I started to feel the coldness, lack of warmth in the society, in the environment. It leads to the point of becoming a bit haunting, when Hawaii, New York and London would practically look the same and we couldn’t distinguish the nationalities of people without hearing them speak various languages. Steven Holl - Ideas on Architecture EssayThe key to achieve these almost impossible forms is the use of the computer program to generate formulas and calculate to the exact pieces that will, when constructed together, create that free form, flowing buildings. Thus, this represent a contradiction, the forms of Zaha’s buildings might seems flowing and free, because it was all about the differences in each building that in a whole, flow together in harmony, just like the society that made up of differences but as a whole operates as one. Yet, when it comes to the way her buildings are to be built, in involved one of the most complicated, precise and laborious process as each piece of her buildings are unique and different, meaning that if one piece doesn’t exactly followed that pattern, in other word, if that piece does not come as perfect as planned, the whole system will fail and a building will not be complete. To just give you a better idea of how notoriously laborious the creation of Zaha’s buildings are, once an engineer has to make 7000 sections of a particular building in the order to understand the structure because it is indeed, different at 7000 points of the building. Master Plan of Singapore I appreciated her contribution to the architectural world; she has really brought the parametric into the light, and made it quite well known. I like the flow and the free form of her buildings since it has never been done in the past before, However, I felt that the complexity involved in the creation of her buildings works against her as it sparks the question; Do we really need to do this after all? Since her curves and free forms does not contributes to the main functions of the building after all, do we really need to go through all of this troubles in the order to get the aesthetics and the meaning of the building just right? Perhaps, good architecture is not only about inventive, exciting forms but also more importantly, the experience of the building and how it uses specific context of the site, the environment and the habitants to create an â€Å"experience†. Nevertheless, like I said before, it is non-arguable that Zaha has become such an influential part of today’s architecture and thus, deserves all of the credits she received. Then came along architects like Saarinen, who dares to break through the straight lines and play with curves successfully, what is particularly interesting is that these curves are not random, they are a part of the concept, they do have a purpose, they’re not for ornamentation. Then there’re also Louis Kahn, whose architecture used the past as inspiration not abandoned it, I’ve found his concept to be inspiring as a person who is also fascinated with history. I like how his building does not only occupy people nor that it’s a machine, for example, the National Assembly Building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which fully reflected on the Bangladesh identity, I feel that a good building should does that, it needs to care, about the context, about the occupants. Another one of my favorite, Alvar Aalto, I liked how he purposely captured the Finnish spirit in his work, how he uses local material in the order to goves out a cultural ambience which build a connection between his architecture and occupants. Thus these elements does have meanings, they do exhibits a sort of function like the ripple ceiling in the Viipuri Library, which were there for acoustic but also became a dominant aesthetical features and ultimately, the identity of the architecture as well. I’ll admit that I do prefer this new style that the international style as I feel that it requires more creativity, more exploration and the outcome is much wider in terms of concepts and of course, the aesthetics. I’ve mention before that besides from the â€Å"white gods†, those that claimed themselves modernist were basically conforming, copying from the BOOK, I think that architecture is about inventing, always creating a better way, learn from the old to improve the new. I admired these people to dare break the restriction of the modern architecture, dare to invites curves back into architecture, to me, that shows the ability of a great architect; the ability to always think of the future without abandoning the past. Bibliography: Joedicke, Jurgen. A History of Modern Architecture. London, 1963. Print. Philip Jodidio. 100 Contemporary Architects, 2 Vol. London: Taschen, 2013. Print. Playtime Movie

Weaving Data Into Texts The Value of Semantic Annotation

Weaving Data Into Texts: The Value of Semantic Annotation Semantic Annotation is about weaving data into textual sources. In semantically annotated texts, certain words (denoting things, people, locations, organizations, etc.) are linked to data that is, to context and references that can be processed by an algorithm.The Major Why of Semantic AnnotationThe goal of semantic annotation is better information retrieval and smarter knowledge management. Click To TweetIn particular, this translates into technologies that help content creators and consumers to retrieve information faster and manage knowledge easier. Semantic search, content aggregation, and automated relationships discovery are among the most common applications, enabled by Semantic Annotation.With data woven into texts, the â€Å"new readers† (meet them in the next paragraph) are able to interpret, combine, and use content in an automated way thus facilitating the way we navigate, find, collect and analyze information. Meet the New ReadersInitially it [reading] was the simple faculty of extracting visual information from any encoded system and comprehending the respective meaning. Later it came to signify almost exclusively the comprehending of a continuous text of written signs on an inscribed surface. More recently it has included the extracting of encoded information from an electronic screen. And reading’s definition will doubtless continue to expand in future for, as with any faculty, it is also a measure of humanity’s own advancement.Steven R. Fischer, A History of ReadingThe definition of reading does expand every single day, following our growing need to manage more and more textual sources. So does the profile of the reader. Reading, in its very basic form (extracting information from any encoded system and comprehending meaning), is not a human-only territory anymore.Take the reading on the Web, for example. According to a recent report, although humans are the ones responsi ble for 51.5% of the traffic on the web, a significant 48.5% of all online traffic is attributed to bots. Assisting with automated tasks, machines are everywhere, not only on the web, collecting data but also across corporate intranets.Come to think of it, in an ocean of digital content, reading and understanding heavily depend on using the right tools for handling texts. Tools that allow efficient research, quick information retrieval and facts discovery, gathering and managing information.Activities are unthinkable without the help of software agents. These agents have huge processing powers to navigate, process and manage huge volumes of content on our behalf, provided we show them around our content and help them make sense of it. For that to happen, we need to enrich texts with information presented in the formal language the new readers understand that is, in the language of data. Digital Marginalia: Showing the New Readers Around Our Textual SourcesA gloss (from Latin: glossa, from Greek: ÃŽ ³ÃŽ »Ã¡ ¿ ¶ÃÆ'ÏÆ'ÃŽ ± glà ³ssa language) is a brief notation, especially a marginal one or an interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text, or in the readers language if that is different.To get the benefit of understanding Semantic Annotation without the burden of the complexity it involves, it will help to view it as digital marginalia.Marginalia, the medieval side notes, have served understanding for ages and have been an invaluable source of additional information to the reader. Just like Semantic Annotations are today, in our digital-everything age.   Only that todays readers are not only human.It is through Semantic Annotations that we can leave notes for smart agents to process and further assist us in managing our digital content. Written in the machine-interpretable formal language of data, these notes will serve computers to classify, link, search through and filter texts and data, associated with them. Meaning is in the Algorithms of the Reader (A Side Note for Human Readers)When it comes to machine-readable texts, it is important to bear in mind that â€Å"understanding†, as of today, is still confined to and only possible within a limited, pre-defined context. Semantic Annotations help machines â€Å"to read† in the very basic sense of the word that is, in the sense of deciphering strings of symbols. Nothing more, nothing less a computer’s understanding is inseparable from the information and the formal knowledge they were fed with.Much to learn you still have.From Quotes of Yoda, Star Wars: Episode V The Empire Strikes Back (1980) Algorithms do have a hard time understanding (encompassing and decoding) the richness and granular expressivity with which we describe the world.   And while the expressiveness of the language of data (that is the depths of the concepts and ideas represented and communicated with it) is growing bigger, we still have a long way to go till we stop sounding to our machines like Yoda does.The good news is that in certain areas, Semantic Annotations do help machine-understanding. They are invaluable when it comes to bringing the significant automated analytical power of machines to help us navigate the ocean of digital content.Why Would an Enterprise Care About The New Readers and Semantic Annotations?Interlinking texts with data is already widely used in fields where knowledge is formally described and explicitly recorded. Semantic Annotations support scientists, researchers, insurers, doctors and lawyers in facing the challenges of accurate research and unearthing precise information. Enabling various applications such as automatic relationship discovery, content aggregation and recommendation, and regulatory compliance detection, Semantic Annotation comes handy when sifting through huge amounts of textual sources like scientific research, medical documents and health insurance claims.Any domain of knowledge can benefit from creating digital marginalia, provided they are well described (in a standard data language) and properly linked (semantically indexed and connected to highly-structured and machine-readable datasets). Currently, among the successful users of semantically annotated content are publishers, pharmaceutical companies, financial institutions and health-care organizations.Swamped in digital resources of all kinds, readers (new and traditional alike) crave relevancy. Semantic annotation provides a much-needed way for efficient document management. Weaving data into textual sources is what sets digital content apart from the restrictive organization i nto files and folders a technological relic from an â€Å"archaic analogue age†, as Jarred McGuiniss calls the era of gray filing cabinets, ring binders, and paper labels.With Semantic Annotation, textual sources are given the notes machines need in order to organize and serve content in an accurate and efficient way. It is yet another step towards to revolutionizing the way we approach information management and knowledge discovery.Or better, it is yet another note in the margin for future generations of all kinds of readers.Want to learn more about the value of Semantic Annotation?

4 Things That Surprised me About Self-Publishing an Academic Book

4 Things That Surprised me About Self-Publishing an Academic Book 4 Things That Surprised me About Self-Publishing an Academic Book Joshua Gans is a Professor of Strategic Management  at the University of Toronto. He has been published  in the American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, RAND Journal of Economics, Journal of Economic Perspectives, and more. In this article, he talks about his recent book,  Scholarly Publishing and its Discontents, which looks at the market power of journal publishers. The critical nature of this  subject led him to explore  self-publishing for the first time - an experience which surprised him in more ways than one."This is the 21st Century. Please download the free PDF of this book at joshuagans.com and use the search function. Trust me, it will be easier."And that was that!Self-publishing has offered me unparalleled freedom, and allowed me to disseminate my work as never before. That being said, my sales are not as high as I have achieved before with traditional publishing. Then again, I haven’t commenced any marketing initiatives other than handing out copies and have broken a few â€Å"rules† - like designing my own book cover. But that’s part of the beauty of self-publishing, doing things your way. This time around I’m going to work at my leisure, update the book with new editions when I want, and do things by one set of rules: my own.Scholarly Publishing and its Discontents  is available in  paperback from Amazon!Head to Joshua's website for more.Joshua published his recent book  because he had an idea he wanted to get out there - not necessarily because he was looking to build a fan base of readers. Can you relate? Leave any thoughts, experiences, or any questions for  Joshua in the comments below.

The Punjab Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Punjab Conflict - Essay Example These have a history of resisting central control, and with historical ties to the territories, they occupy (Chenoweth and Lawrence 222). The problems experienced in Punjab mainly root from aspects that are associated with religion in the area. These attempted to separate the Shikhs from other ethnic communities in the area, for political gain. In the 20th Century, conflicts erupted when various new ideologies were developed among the Sikhs. These therefore, had required that the central government meets their demands, which were both religious and political. When the central government failed to meet their demands, tension built up in the 1980’s among Sikhs in Punjab and those in New Delhi. The Shikhs had sought a greater autonomy; for fear that, they were being assimilated into the greater cultural Indian and Hindu (Chenoweth and Lawrence 226). This led to massive violence, with detention of some Shikh leaders, as well as hundreds of the Sikhs. More than 3,000 civilians were killed, including troops, priests, and pilgrims. Sacred buildings were destroyed and political assassinations increased. The killing of Indira Gandhi by the Shikhs led to massive killings in New Delhi, claiming more than 2,000 lives. However, in 1985, a peace agreement was reached between the Indian government and the Shikhs. There followed a dismissal of the state government, and Punjab was put under president’s rule, which lasted up to 1992, when Beant Singh won the elections (Chenoweth and Lawrence 230). The Punjab violence of the 1990’s began when approximately 80 people were killed in two incidences of train bombings in 1991. In addition, the assassination of Beant Singh, the senior... This paper stresses that in the 1990’s during the new governance, the level of participation in conventional politics increased remarkably. The voter turnout for the municipal elections in September 1992 increased by 50 percent. In addition, voter turnout also was also high for gram panchayats in January 1993, and exceeded 70 percent. Generally, violence in Punjab declined during the years that followed. This report makes a conclusion that the government plays a critical role in different types of violence in a country. The involvement of the government in a conflict might result in either positive or negative consequences. The outcome of government intervention can only be positive, if it aims at ensuring fairness and equality of the involved parties. If fairness and justice is denied to either party, it is probable that the violence will escalate. In the case of Punjab conflict, there are two instances, where the government intervened differently. In the 1980’s conflict, violence was high because the central government denied the Sikhs their political rights. The government then resorted to an inappropriate way of solving the issue by killing the Sikhs, with some of their leaders. This led to increased violence. However, in the 1990’s when a new government took office, people were allowed to vote, unlike the 1980’s. In addition, the political participation of p eople was increased in various ways. Although elements of unfairness toward the Sikhs were still present, this could not compare to the 1980’s. Therefore, this quite fair involvement by the central government in the 1990’s led the level of violence to decrease in Punjab.

Describe and critically evaluate the contributions of Non-Governmental Essay

Describe and critically evaluate the contributions of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to the development and promotion of civil society. Refer relevant li - Essay Example Thus Civil society can be defined as the political space between the individual and the government, expressed by membership of NGOs, social groups, associations and other organizations and networks. But its role in influencing state action and political processes, and in serving as a corrective and complement to market economies, implies that it should not be seen first and foremost as a channel for emergency and development assistance. However, Restrictions on civil and political rights, in particular the right to free association or free political expression, can serve to weaken civil society. Civil society may also be inhibited from playing a peace-building role by intimidation and attack. Information and communication networks may be especially vulnerable then. Thus civil society programme should be rooted in a firm analysis of the context and the role and position of civil-society groups in it. NGO’s thus help to build their capacity and reach by positively monitoring and supporting their provision of basic health and education services to facilitating advocacy roles and their promotion of dialogue (for peaceful dispute resolution, reconciliation etc.), information and other local and international issues. One pioneering consultation with NGO leaders from developing countries suggested that the nature of the state – democratic, one-party, or military dictator – is very important to the development of civil society (Tandon. 1989) More generally, analyses of experience across countries suggests that the â€Å"social origins† of civil societies in historical interactions among major social forces (e.g., elites, workers, the middle class, the Church, and so on) shape the size and resources of the sector (Salamon and Anheier. 1998) Economic globalization is one of the most powerful forces that seem to have shaped the postwar world. Non-Governmental Organizations that emphasize on

Literature Review On Crafting Strategy

Literature Review On Crafting Strategy Recent business environments require quicker and more adequate decision-making by firms than ever before. Because the environmental changes are extremely large, the decision makers may confront difficulties in predicting their futures. The concept of a strategy based on a purpose-oriented approach provides original strategic alternatives. Because the concept of strategy is generally abstract, there exist many perspectives with respect to its formation and implementation. In fact, scholars and practitioners comment on the diverse aspects of strategy, such as, there is no single, universally accepted definition of corporate strategy by Pettigrew (1987a). However Mintzbergs has done a serious number of researches backing up his theory on Crafting Strategy as a potential strategy progress with loads of valid conclusions. Introduction: The present Critical Literature Review sets to explore the challenging task of envisaging, conceiving, and realizing crafting strategies by proposing a deep critical evaluation of the subject. Along the way the essay will compare and contrast different authors views on an issue, criticise aspects of methodology, note areas in which authors are in disagreement, highlight exemplary studies, highlight gaps in research, show how Mintzbergs study relates to previous studies, show how his study relates to the literature in general and conclude by summarising what the literature says. History Literature on strategy emergence has a long history (Bower, 1970; Bower and Doz, 1979; Burgelman, 1983; Quinn, 1978, 1980, 1982; Nelson and Winter, 1982; Mintzberg, 1978, 1987; Mintzberg and Waters, 1984, 1985, 1990; Prahalad and Hamel, 1990; Pettigrew, 1985). The process view of strategy has been revived in the Eighties by Mintzberg work on Crafting strategy (1987), and later by the work of Hamel and Prahalad on Strategic Intent (1996). Many of them share a common view on the theory and practice of strategy as they generally agreed, strategy is a plan to be executed in the future to achieve specific objectives. However, this view of strategy is limited and potentially dangerous because it obscures the rich and paradoxical nature of the wider concept of strategy, and it can result in significant opportunities and danger signs being overlooked. (Mintzberg, 1987) Overall strategic observation: Mintzberg, Alilstrand and Lampel (1998, p.9) have even encapsulated the paradox of strategy with the following observation: Most people, managers and as above mentioned academics define strategy as a plan, or something equivalent a direction, a guide or course of action into the future, a path to get from here to there. However as it has been stated above this is potentially dangerous. Strategy, therefore, according to Mintzberg should be viewed as a combination of the actions that are intended to result in anticipated business outcomes; and the actions that emerge as a result of the many complex activities that are undertaken within an organization. Thereby strategy become a process itself, one that involves the co-evolution of discourse nature individual and society. Drawbacks of certain strategic approach uncertain future How to create and develop the perfect strategy has been the question of managers, business owners, military commanders and even individuals for ages. This simple question seems to be fundamental for strategic management, but there are still surprisingly few answers in strategy research. Numerous academics and managers states that the optimal way to approach the perfect strategy is by attempting to predict a foreseeable future, making decisions in advance, and controlling the realization of strategic plans (e.g. Rumelt, Schendel, and Teece, 1991, 1994). However as there are as many potential futures as companies a single formal strategy plan cannot be used especially when it is based on prediction. Although any company that cannot imagine the future is unlikely to be around to enjoy it. Strategic managers living in the here and now, and only concerned about the next quarter, will fail at the task of imagining the future (Hamel and Prahalad, 1996: 242). Diverse benefits In recent years there has been a growing body of opinion amongst scholars in the field of strategic business management that some of the central tenets of classical strategic theory are no longer as appropriate as they might once have been (Thompson, 1967; Westley and Mintzberg, 1989; Whittington, 1993; Mintzberg, 1994; Hamel and Prahalad, 1995; Camillus, 1996; Hamel, 1996; Kouzmin et al., 1997; Mainwaring, 1997; Mintzberg et al., 1998; Kouzmin and Jarman, 1999; Parker, 2002). Several studies have confirmed that managerial choice and design of strategy in terms of planning and analysis activities are beneficial in decision and strategy making (e.g. Dean and Sharfman, 1996; Miller and Cardinal, 1994) and other studies have identified beneficial supplemental strategic planning practices, such as programmed conflict approaches (Schweiger, Sandberg and Rechner, 1989) and implementation tactics (Nutt, 1987). However, there are conflicting evidence regarding the benefits of strategic planning (Boyd, 1987; Mintzberg, 1994; Pearce et al, 1987) and strategy goal and method consensus (Dess, 1987). Moreover, in practice, strategy-making sometimes seems to differ from the normative managerial choice, design and planning ideal. These differences are most evident under more complicated circumstances, in uncertain strategic decisions (Mintzberg et al 1976; Nutt, 1984), in firms with diverse and conflicting goals (Quinn, 1980; Pettigrew, 1973; Eisenhardt and Bourgeois, 19 88b), in unstable (Mintzberg, 1973; Fredrickson and Mitchell, 1984; Fredrickson, 1984) or fast changing environments (Bourgeois and Eisenhardt, 1988a) and in large and complex firms (Bower and Doz, 1979; Burgelman, 1983b). The fundamental divergence in these strategy process perspectives, compared to the traditional design view, is that under these conditions strategy process and action involve organizational learning (Mintzberg, 1990). Strategists learn from, and strategies are informed by implementation and experience, and interactions between various organizational levels (Burgelman, 1983a, b; Mintzberg, 1978; 1987; Mintzberg and McHugh, 1985; Pettigrew and Whipp, 1991; Quinn, 1980). An even more recent research supports Fredrickson and Mitchell above mentioned statement that the business landscape is neither stable nor predictable, making prediction and control very difficult (e.g. Burgelman, 2002; Hamel, 2000; Mà ¼ller-Stewens and Lechner, 2001; Leibold, Probst, and Gibbert, 2002) and by this statement and research they highly disagrees with (e.g. Rumelt, Schendel, and Teece, 1991, 1994) declaration. The actual strategy activities that form these strategic positions essentially remain unclear in strategy content research (Cockburn, Henderson and Stern, 2000). Conversely, strategy process views (e.g. Mintzberg, 1978; Johnson, 1987, 1988; Mintzberg and McHugh, 1985; Mintzberg and Waters, 1985; Pettigrew, 1977; 1985a, 1987a; Quinn, 1980) provide rich and systematic descriptions showing that strategy making involves a variety of factors and contextual influences, besides analytical exercises by managers in the centre as it has been identified in previous paragraph s. Strategy-making activities have also partially been specified, such as routines in decision processes (Mintzberg, Raisinghani, and Thà ©oret, 1976). Example: The business world is changing fast as it has been mentioned above. Lewis E. Piatt, former Hewlett-Packard chief executive officer (CEO), argues, Anyone who tells you they have a 5 or 10 year plan is probably crazy. With rapid change comes uncertainty. And with uncertainty comes risk and great opportunities. If the business bet big today, for example, they may fundamentally reshape an emerging market to their advantage. Or they may suffer losses that throw their company into bankruptcy. If they wait for the uncertainty surrounding a possible opportunity to disappear, on the other hand, they may avoid making some foolhardy mistakes or they may lose their first mover advantages to a more aggressive competitor. In choosing strategies under uncertainty, there are no easy answers. Yet many business strategists make it harder than it has to be, simply by relying on outdated strategic-planning and decision-making approaches states Lewis E. Piatt. These tried and true approaches, designed to optimize strategic decision making in predictable environments, systematically fail in times of high uncertainty, as it can be experienced today. On the other hand Foresight an accurate view of the future is essential in generating the best forecasts and making the right strategy choices like Rumelt, Schendel, and Teece argued. The typical process assumes that the strategists possess the foresight to translate their knowledge of the future into point forecasts of key value drivers. These point forecasts allow for precise estimates of net present value (NPV) and other financial measures, which, in turn, determine which strategy will deliver the highest return. In addition, the typical process assumes that a deep, analytical understanding of todays market environment and todays company capability ties is the key to developing foresight about the future. For example, industry analysis frameworks, like Porters Five Forces, are at the heart of most prototypical processes because it is implicitly assumed that understanding the microeconomic drivers of todays market environment is essential to understanding the strategies that will win in tomorrows ma rket. Welch sad its more important to imaginative than to be predictive. Imagination is one of the biggest corporate challenge of the last century. Its about developing a clear idea of what is going on around the company and taking advantage of that (Welch, personal communication, April 2002). Similarly to Welch, Mintzberg after carrying out over 20 fairly reliable researches clearly states that knowing the organization capabilities well enough to think deeply enough about its strategic directions is highly important, but knowing the strategic direction does not mean having a strategic plan or trying to predict the future and make decisions in advance to get to that goal rather it means that strategic plan will informally shape as a reflection of the environmental effects as they go on like Welch stated strategy is taking advantage of what is going on around the business. Kaplan highly supports Mintzberg theory and after carrying out valid and reliable researches over 30 businesses with Be inhocker he belives that successful companies only generate strategic plans to prepare their management team but real strategic decisions made in real time. When Mintzberg in his article recounts the events of leading players like Volkswagen over a certain period the dangers attaching to the biography apply. There can be little doubt that Mintzberg has accurately recorded events, but the interpretation of these events and the meaning of the actions that the companies took are affected by the authors personal paradigm. The reader is being invited to note the strategic techniques and to apply them to their own situation. Particular care has to be taken with idiosyncratic accounts, such as Townsend (1970) and Roddick (1991), where the distinctive character and personal style of the writer may make it difficult for ordinary mid or small business managers to apply the adduced lessons and techniques, dispassionate, objective assessment can be difficult when confronted with skilfully compiled accounts of past events. Apart from gathering developed and chronological lists and graphs of the most important actions taken by each organization, he us ed interviews and in-depth reports to study what appears to be the key point of change in each organizations strategy. Structured interviews pose specific questions to the interviewee, which suggests that the interviewer has an agenda formed by previous study which could weakened the validity of the source. The unstructured interview, on the other hand, gives freedom to the interviewee to talk about what they thought was important and interesting which could also result one point of view. In practice, interviews tend to be a mixture of both approaches, if only to avoid the risk of the interviewee losing the plot, but the free flow of ideas may reveal more than the subject intended. The more that is known about the period or the company under study, the better able the interviewer is to detect weak signals in what has been said and to follow them up. Although the evidence gained is somewhat weakened, it may be necessary to agree to anonymity, but Bower (1970) is an example of a powerful study conducted on an anonymous company and its managers. Evidence, then although often of questionable veracity, is the very stuff of history and the Mintzberg cannot apply purely scientific methodology to its interpretation. Wider knowledge of the period and the actors within it helps to develop a feel for the likely truth before going on craft and interpret the primary evidence. I have six honest working men Who taught me all I know Their names are: why and what and when And who and where and how (Rudyard Kipling). Kiplings little verse which is quoted above is a valuable guide to interpretation. These questions enable Mintzberg to press more information out of the assembled evidence. Similarly, when making a deduction, or gaining an insight, it is a good discipline to ask, What are my reasons for making this assertion? Analytical interpretation has to be disciplined, and conclusions only drawn when fully supported by evidence. It is at this stage that, the notion of crafting is most evident, as Mintzberg engages with the material in the search for insight and revelation, whilst maintaining impartiality and objectivity. Later on Mintzberg (1995) suggest that Chandler (1962) definition is the first modern definition of business strategy. If this definition were placed in the previous section on planning it would fit perfectly. Andrews (in Learned et al., 1965, p. 15) defines strategy similar to Mintzberg later theories: the pattern of objectives, purposes or goals and the major policies and plans for achieving these goals, stated in such a way to define what business the company is in and the kind of company it is to be. Andrews has defined strategy as a plan, one of the objectives of which should be specifically to define what business the company is in and the kind of company it is to be. This caveat, that at least one task must be achieved, is perhaps the first generic strategy! A strategy is the pattern or plan that integrates an organisations major goals, policies, and action sequences into a cohesive whole. A well formulated strategy helps to marshal and allocate an organisations resources into a unique and viable posture based on its relative internal competencies and shortcomings, anticipated changes in the environment, and contingent moves by intelligent opponents (Mintzberg et al., 1995, p. 7). This definition describes strategy as a plan or alternatively as a pattern. The concept of strategy as pattern is an idea that Mintzberg uses often (Mintzberg and Waters, 1985; Mintzberg et al., 1998). Mintzberg et al. (1998, p. 9) develop the concept of strategy as pattern with further concepts that they describe as the Five Ps for Strategy; Plan, Pattern, Position, Perspective and Ploy. Here, it is suggested that strategy is often described as a plan but when managers are asked what they actually did, they describe strategy as a pattern, or repetition of actions taken in previous years, that is subsequently adjusted to meet current criteria. Hence, strategy as a plan is looking forward and strategy as a pattern is looking backward; that is, relating to past behaviour. Both ideas have relevance, because planning would be impossible without looking forward and backward. In addition, Mintzberg et al. (1998, p. 13) suggest that it is also important to look inward and outward and up and down, which they describe, respectively, as strategy as a position and as a perspective, namely an organisations fundamental way of doing things. Their fifth concept, strategy as a ploy, treats it as a specific action designed to outwit an opponent or competitor. However, it is possible that this concept is more closely related to tactics than to strategy. The five Ps of Mintzberg et al. (1998) provide additional viewpoints for looking at strategy. However, their views add very little to the mainstream ideas of other scholars who believe that, in some significant fashion, strategy is intimately related to planning. Apart from Mintzberg 1987 article there are other similar approaches both in strategy content and process views (e.g. managers as architects, Andrews, 1980; formulating strategy as a creative act, Christensen et al., 1982; managers as craftsmen, Mintzberg, 1975; or strategy creation as craft thought and action, Mintzberg, 1989) Although there are several authors with a different point of view on Craftmen strategy like Rumelt, Schendel, and Teece as they do not consider managers are craftsmen.

CD Recording :: Essays Papers

CD Recording CD recording has become increasingly popular for a number of reasons. For one, they are extremely cheap. With a mail in rebate it’s possible to get them for ten cents a disk. A lot of that is due to the simplicity in design. They’re slim. Which means they can be carried easily. A CD can store a vast amount of data. You could put the same information on one CD that it would take hundreds of floppies to hold. CD’s can be used in a wide variety of components. You can play them in your car stereo, on your home stereo, on your computer, in your DVD player, or even game consoles. This site was designed to help clear up some of the confusion that has to do with recording CD’s. We are going to look at some CD formats, different types of recording software, choosing media, and storage options. CD Formats With all of the different type of CDs available there are many formats. A good thing about recording software is it will handle all of the formatting details for you. But it still is an interesting topic to know. A quick summary of standards: Red Book physical format for audio CDs (aka CD-DA) Yellow Book physical format for data CDs Green Book physical format for CD-i Orange Book physical format for recordable CDs Part I CD-MO (Magneto-Optical) Part II CD-WO (Write-Once; includes "hybrid" spec for PhotoCD) Part III CD-RW (ReWritable) White Book format for VideoCD (often written "VCD") Blue Book CD Extra (occasionally used to refer to LaserDisc format) CD Extra a two-session CD, 1st is CD-DA, 2nd is data (a/k/a CD Plus) CD-ROM/XA eXtended Architecture, a bridge between Yellow Book and CD-i MODE-1 standard Yellow Book sectors MODE-2 may be of form-1 or form-2

What Are the Reason Some People Choose to Have Cosmetic Surgery?

In this era, there are a number of people immigrating to Canada. They are immigrating for the sake of getting enormous benefits from Canada, but they also face many problems in Canada. They have job problems because of low pay rate. People face another problem regarding their health. The Canadian weather is not better because it is cold, so it has bad effects on immigrants health. There are many problems for immigrants in Canada. They have culture and language problems. They cannot speak good English. There are three main effects of immigrants social life, health, and culture. The first effect on immigration come to Canada is social life. People have problems in social life. For example, full time work does not allow immigrants to enjoy their social lives. Sometimes, they do not get time to meet their parents, and they are not able to meet their friends as well. People are in a fun exciting stage in their life, but their full time schedule for work is destroying their fun in their social life. For instance, they cannot attend any family function and parties where they can meet their social needs of their lives. Immigrants cannot attend other function like New Year functions and parties because of busy schedule. For example, if they have family function with relatives. They do not have time for attend this function. They have a busy schedule of jobs. The second effect on immigrants to Canada is health. People get health- related problems very quickly. For example, the Canadian weather is mostly cold and climatic conditions are quite different from other countries. Moreover, people feel homesickness when they immigrant to Canada because they miss their proximate and dear ones. Therefore, people get health problems very quickly after they immigrated to Canada. The final effect on immigrants to Canada is culture and language. People feel uncomfortable when they need to explain their views with other people and in another language. For example, some people do not know how to speak in English, so they feel odd and insecure. To add up, every community has their own culture. People get problems when they need to adjust to another culture. They feel awkward when showing their culture to other communities. To conclude, there are negative effects on immigrant to Canada. Social life, health, and culture are three major effects of immigration for the domestic and immigrating people. They get sick and feel uncomfortable in Canada. Also, they face many problems, but the number of people immigrating in the future will increase.

Molecular Formula for Sugar, or Sucrose

There are several different types of sugar, but generally when one asks for the molecular formula of sugar, the question refers to table sugar or sucrose. The molecular formula for sucrose is C12H22O11. Each sugar molecule contains 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms. Sucrose is a disaccharide, meaning it is made by joining two sugar subunits. It forms when the monosaccharide sugars glucose and fructose react in a condensation reaction. The equation for the reaction is: C6H12O6Â   C6H12O6 → C12H22O11Â   H2O glucose fructose →Â  sucrose water A simple way to remember the molecular formula of sugar is to recall that the molecule is made from two monosaccharide sugars minus water: 2 x C6H12O6Â  - H2O C12H22O11

A Brief Note On Medical And Healthcare Ethics - 1822 Words

Ethics in Research Jaclyn Bzdusek HSC320 – Applied Medical and Healthcare Ethics Instructor Rick Hall Arizona State University August 3, 2015 Ethics in Research From bench to bedside Developing new treatments or studying physiological/pathophysiological processes require different methods of research. Some tests require humans and others require animals. How do we know when each one is necessary? Well, it really depends on the type of research that is being conducted. Animals are studied so that researchers can learn more about how living organisms work and how diseases affect their bodies. There are many laws in place in the U.S. to protect research animals and human subjects. At the moment there are no alternatives to conducting†¦show more content†¦In other words, they want animals to be tested with drugs and experimented on before they move on to test the human participants to protect the welfare of the humans. In order to protect the welfare of animals, they are not the initial test for medicines. Computers and test tubes are the initial screenings and tests in research studies to protect the human subjects and the animals. So I think that there are a lot of steps in the process before we get to animals and humans. Clinical Research Ethics Our history has plenty of examples of ethical violations in clinical research. It wasn’t until 1906 that the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed and started the road to protecting human participants in research. Before then, there were no regulations regarding the ethical usage of humans in research. There are several cases of what you could call unethical medical research studies in our history. From 1932-1972, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (which was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health), studied the effects of untreated syphilis in 400 African American men by withholding treatment. The subjects were not even told that they were in an experiment and most of the subjects believed that they were getting treated for â€Å"bad blood†. During World War 2, concentration camp prisoners were conducted upon by the German scientists for research. On December 9, 1946, 23 scientists and administrators were put on trial for allowing these crimes against humanity and war crimes. The

LEARNERS AND LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 4 Essay - 1608 Words

LEARNERS AND LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 4 INTRODUCTION Students learning English as a foreign language are often confronted with the challenge of learning and using English effectively. Some students seem to cope with the difficulties of language learning with great success and neither little effort, while for others the task is neither an enjoyable nor a successful one. What is it that makes learning a new language so easy for some and so difficult for others? One reason is that â€Å"each student has his/her own preferred way of learning that is determined by his/her cultural and educational background and personality† (Shoebottom, 2007). BRIEF LESSON OUTLINE In this assignment I evaluated differences in learners’ responses and†¦show more content†¦By doing these various activities, I could avoid boredom and increase their interest levels during the one hour lesson. Williams (1999) cites the work of Gardner (1985) and defines motivation as consisting of effort, plus desire to achieve the goal of learning, plus favorable attitudes towards learning the language. A distinction is made between integrative (or intrinsic) orientation, which occurs when the learner wishes to identify with the culture of the target language, and instrumental (extrinsic) orientation, which occurs when motivation arises from external goals, such as passing exams, financial rewards, or furthering a career. Lamb, M. (2012) adds a third category: success in the task, which is a combination of satisfaction and reward.  PERSONALITY One of the challenges I faced teaching this lesson (in the beginning) was the discipline. I made clear right from the start of the lesson what the rules of the classroom were and the consequences of not behaving well, this made the students behavior in my classroom much better The personality of the group as a whole was of outgoing teenagers. They were eager to participate and even the shy ones contributed willingly in this lesson. A few of them, the extroverts, were the ones who volunteered more. Usually, these are the most prominent students, and this helped in modeling correctly for their peers. They had no problem in followingShow MoreRelatedThe Analysis : Fleming Mills1212 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermine students’ learning preference. The goal of each question is to place a reader in a situation they have experienced before and ask for their preferred action (Fleming Mills, 1992). Based on the answers provided, the VARK identifies a learning preference, which can include one of the four styles: visual, aural, read/write, or kinesthetic (Fleming Mills, 1992). After completing the questionnaire, VARK identified the read/write style as the preferred method of learning for this author. 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They are driven by social and media influence more than ever with the increased availability of information on technology. The new learner has to face a wider range of challenges compared to the learner of ten years ago, from the technology boom to the availability of information from the cyber world and from the education system. The question that comes to mind has the socio-economicalRead MoreUnit 2 Assignment P2 P3 M11036 Words   |  5 PagesNicky Edwards, Patricia Britto Issue Date: w/c 6th October 2014 Hand in date: 24th October 2014 Criteria 1st Referral Hand in Date 2nd Referral Hand in Date Grade Achieved Signed Dated by Lecturer P2 P3 M1 Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 2 Know discriminatory practices in health and social care Internal verification: Date: Signature: Remember! 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HUGGINS A. p: 1) As the author Meyer inform us there are many definitions for the term of â€Å"Independent learning† (MEYER et al, 2008). One of this terms is called â€Å"self-directed learning† but is more likely to use the term â€Å"self-regulated learning† instead (MEYER et al, 2008 p: 2). According to Michael Grahame Moore â€Å"Independent learning is an educational

Critical Reflection of Roles of Group Members-Samples for Students

Question: Analysis of and critical reflection of roles of group members. Critical analysis of professional practice issues, and participant involvement and feedback. Answer: Introduction Leadership forms an important part of our life. Leaders exist in every field. They are the people who excel at something and make a significant mark in the industry. Leaders guide, motivate and work together with their team and help them in their growth and development (Goleman, 2017). There are various great leaders across the globe who have change the shape of the world through their excellent leadership skills. Through this course I have learnt a lot about leadership and I strongly believe that there has been a massive improvement in my leadership ability. There were various activities which were conducted throughout the course which helped us analyze our leadership abilities as well as helped us improve upon the same. Through this report, I have attempted to reflect upon my journey throughout the course via the Gibbs reflective cycle. The rationale behind choosing this framework was to make it easier for the readers to understand my experience as well as cover all the important aspects of my learning. The group Through the course we have participated in various activities and organized two workshops where we were consultants. We worked in the group of four people. Our experience of working together has also taught me a lot about team work and leadership skills. As a group we were very comfortable with each other as we knew each other from a long time. Therefore, at the very beginning of the workshop we had established an open communication for all participants. We encouraged each other to speak freely about any concerns that a person may face. Transparent communication is essential in the success of any team dynamic (Levi, 2015). I have always been an introvert and therefore this kind of an encouragement also helped me get comfortable around my group members. We worked together and spent a lot of time in each others company. This helped me know these people better and develop a better rapport with them all. There were various activities and role plays that involved one of us to perform a leadership role. Our group dynamic was very flexible and everyone was given an equal work opportunity within the group. We performed an exercise coach, coaching and observer. The exercise and workshop done by us was very productive and helped us understand various leadership dynamics. In one of the activities, we discussed what leadership traits apply to us and I related most with Stodgill (1974). This was because I have always been an achiever, high on self-confidence and I take on responsibilities seriously. I am also very cooperative and understanding towards my team and often believe that I am able to have a significant a mount of influence on my people. All these traits were identified through CBC technique. It was a major help as it helped me a get a deeper insight about my own self. We are very different people with varied personalities. The three people that I worked with had personality types ESFP, ENFP, ESFJ and I am myself an ISFJ (Furnham, 2017). It was an immense learning experience to work with these people. There was a lot of mutual respect and admiration and we worked hard with the shared goal of learning. Conflicts As a group of people, we also faced a few conflicts. This was mostly owing to the different personality types and ego clashes. However, if there was a conflict or any kind of tension experienced by two people of the group, the other two tried to resolve the matter. We all understood that everyone is working towards a shared goal and we tried to respect each others opinions. Such conflicts within the group temporarily impact the groups overall performance and specifically disrupts the flow of communication (Yang Li, 2017). A conflict impacts the working environment of the group and spreads negativity. The good part was that since the very beginning, we had opened the gates to transparent communication and that largely helped us in resolving conflicts as and when they occurred. Workshops One of the activities that we conducted included how to put together a workshop. Therefore, We organized a workshop as consultants in the group of four. In the first workshop, we participated in a group development exercise and delivered a 10 minute training on leadership. This was my first experience at conducting a workshop and hence I learnt how to start the workshop and break the ice with a set of new participants. I also took additional roles. I was keeping time and informing people about time throughout their activity. I was also recording the session. There were a few exercises that we were unable to conduct due to limited resources. But overall the entire experience was that of immense learning. When I was a participant in the workshop, it was difficult for me to understand the relevancy of various theories. However, when I conducted the workshop as a consultant I got a clearer picture. We learnt about the LMX framework that taught us the importance of an effective leader member relationship. Firstly, we were asked to decide upon a leader of our choice. There were various cards and since I had read immensely about Steve Jobs, I suggested that we select Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs is a transformational leader who built a firm from the scratch. He always led by example and attracted a wide range of followers and team members through his charisma, honest and passion (Abraham, 2014). We also discussed about transformational leadership. One interesting thing to note was that everyone was talking about what they expected from the other person rather than perceiving themselves as a transformational leader. Upon further research, we established that this is one of the limitations of the theory and there is an ongoing academic debate for the same. We also discussed the case study The unmanageable star (Harvard Business Review, 2013). Different people had to offer different opinions about the case. The case had to right or wrong answers but it was interesting to see the opinions of people with different personalities. The case was also a learning experience for us because it helped me understand that despite delivering numbers and performance in a business, people management skill is also highly crucial (Notgrass, 2014). The second workshop that we conducted was on situational leadership. There were three main players in the scenario, managing director, a newly appointed manager who needs to prove himself and new managers who are losing their management status. The HR manager is an observer in the scenario. This role play helped me understand different thinking processes of different people. I understood the situational leadership theory and the behavior of the manager was also very inspiring. Self The course and the workshop have been a source of immense learning for me. There are various aspects of my personality that I need to work upon in order to be a successful leader in life. At the same point of time, there are various aspects of my personality that would help me in enhancing my leadership abilities. We also discussed how coaching helps in developing oneself and how can we help develop others through coaching. My ability to empathize and connect with people is one of my biggest strengths. I try to remain calm in the situations of conflicts and I try to find the best and the most effective solution to a problem. As a leader, I try to take my team together and help in the personal growth and development of all my team members. I put efforts in ensuring that they all have equal performance opportunity. On the other hand, my communication skills are that aspect of my personality that I need to work upon. Communication skills will help the leaders in motivating, guiding and building a deeper connection with their teammates (Men, 2014). I tried my level best to actively participate in all the group activities and ensure that the group works towards a shared goal. Despite being an introvert, I worked towards establishing a positive connect with my team members. My overall experience throughout the course has been a positive one. I have learnt a lot in this journey and I will make sure that I work towards improving my leadership abilities. Besides communication skills, I also need to make sure that I remain patient and calm as this will enable me to take the most rationale step in any given situation. Future For the future, I have a small action plan in mind which would help me develop myself as a leader. I need to work upon breaking my barriers and begin communicating with new people on a daily basis. This will help me become comfortable in my communication with people and will also help me in connecting with my team mates in a better manner. I would also work towards building Mann (1995)s traits of a leader and work upon my extroversion, dominance, adjustment and conservatism. I learnt that my empathy, people management skills, creativity and the ability to lead by example are my biggest strengths in the leadership role that I would attain. I have also understood the importance of creating a positive environment in the workplace. Little can be achieved in a team if the team dynamics between really talented people is very negative. Leadership is a very important part of ones life and I am truly grateful to this course for having introduced me to the concept in such a positive and productive manner. I am sure that the learnings that I have gained in these workshops will enhance my leadership abilities and help me in becoming a great leader to an even better team in the future. References Abraham, M. (2014).Five Leadership skills that made Steve Jobs transform Apple. GRIN Verlag. Furnham, A. (2017). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). InEncyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences(pp. 1-4). Springer International Publishing. Goleman, D. (2017).Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Harvard Business review, (2013), The Unmanageable star performer, https://hbr.org/2013/02/case-study-the-unmanageable-st, retrieved on 27 February, 2018. Levi, D. (2015).Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Men, L. R. (2014). Why leadership matters to internal communication: Linking transformational leadership, symmetrical communication, and employee outcomes.Journal of Public Relations Research,26(3), 256-279. Notgrass, D. (2014). The relationship between followers perceived quality of relationship and preferred leadership style.Leadership Organization Development Journal,35(7), 605-621. Yang, I., Li, M. (2017). Can absent leadership be positive in team conflicts? An examination of leaders avoidance behavior in China.International Journal of Conflict Management,28(2), 146-165.

Marketing Plan for Day Care Operations the Making of CareMax Childrens Center, Hazel Green, Alabama

Background Summary CareMax children’s center is a limited liability company (LLC) located in Hazel Green, Alabama, and operated by the George Williamson family. CareMax has largely concentrated its activities in the provision of daycare services for the Hazel Green community of an estimated 4,200 residents and 1,340 households as of July 2007 (City-Data.Com, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan for Day Care Operations: the Making of CareMax Children’s Center, Hazel Green, Alabama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The center was carefully designed and developed after the realization that professional childcare is a necessity in every civilization, from small towns to large cities. From its inception, the center has been received warmly by the community especially due to its multifaceted nature and capacity to offer timely, flexible, and individualized day care services to the minors in different age categories. CareMax Center officially opened for business in 2003, with a license to provide daycare services for thirty-five children. Presently, CareMax is licensed for seventy children aged six weeks to six years. 62 children are currently enrolled at the center, representing 88.6 percent enrollment level. The center appreciates the fact that children need to be treated with warmth and respect. Its mission statement is to provide high quality childcare services with a bias on developmentally appropriate activities for the minors under our care. The key rudiments of CareMax’s business concern are as follows: Diversified services — the center has increasingly diversified its services to maintain competitive advantage while ensuring that parents of children with specialized needs benefit from our exceptional services. Convenient location — the center is located at the heart of Hazel Green community, and is easily accessible from all directions. Its magnificent buildings and stupendous age-appropriate play stations reveals the center’s dedication to the wellbeing and comfort of children, and also serves to instill a permanent unique image on the mindsets of parents about the center’s capacity to offer splendid services and care to their children Investment in employees — Given the labor-intensive nature prevalent in the industry, CareMax has invested heavily in the number and quality of its employees to keep in line with its tradition and mission of offering high quality childcare with a view of assisting the child attain the fullest potential during the formative years of development. The center has 10 full-time members of staff and 2 CPR certified supervisors. CareMax has also engaged the services of a nursing officer to cater for the health needs of children under our care. All our staff members have contributed individually and collectively to the success of CareMax. Quality services — CareM ax is extremely aware that parents are increasingly relying on independent rating services or recommendations from friends about the quality of services offered by daycare operators (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). As such, the center has invested heavily in developing superior capacity to ensure daycare services are delivered in a highly efficient environment that ensure core values and procedures are stringently followed by caregivers in the process of satisfying customers’ needs. Quality services have enabled the center to retain its competitive advantage as the preferred daycare services provider in the wider Hazel Green’s area, Alabama. Strong financial muscle — CareMax has been able to maintain a strong financial might despite low levels in the industry occasioned by high operating costs. This has been primarily achieved by maintaining steady growth through aggressive advertisement and the admirable reputation the center has been able to create for itself. The stro ng financial background has enabled the center to continue offering quality services to preschoolers despite the high overhead costs. Customers The George Williamson family first initiated the child development center with a view of giving quality childcare to low-income families living within Hazel Green’s community, Alabama. The racial makeup within the community is predominantly white, with blacks accounting for less than 3 percent of the population in the area (City-Data.Com, 2010). The original mission was to offer children from low-income families a stable, inspiring, and loving environment during their formative years of development. The perception that lower income parents could not afford to pay for quality childcare while they worked greatly influenced the philosophy and value system under which the center operated during its early years. CareMax center has greatly evolved in its customer portfolio to serve all kinds of working parents with preschool children. Howe ver, the center still retains special fees structure for low-income families that may require its services. This has served to endear the center to the community, making it to become part-and-parcel of Hazel Green’s community.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Its major customers include parents working in organizations, hospitals, local and regional schools, government agencies, and other service-oriented firms. Some of the needs these customers have in requesting the services of the center include: Need to continue working while still nurturing a preschool child — statistics reveal that 65 percent of all mothers in the US with children under the age of five years are actively engaged in the workforce. These children require specialized services and attention, and CareMax center offers both. Security concerns — some parents are apprehensive about leavin g their children under the care of nannies and relatives. At CareMax, the security of children is of paramount importance, and no incidence of inappropriate handling has been reported to the authorities for the eight years the facility has been in operation. Individual development of children — parents need their children to encounter experiences that will advance their physical, social, emotional, spiritual and cognitive development. Not only does the environment at CareMax guarantees all the above, but it also promotes independence, enhanced self-esteem, constructive problem solving, and positive feelings of self-worth among the preschoolers. Products CareMax center mainly concerns itself with offering products in terms of providing daycare services for children in the wider Hazel Green’s region, Alabama. The center offers unique and diversified services to children in three broad age categories, namely 6 weeks to 1 year; 1 year to 3 years; and 3 years to 6 years. T he services offered at CareMax includes not only the particular services presented for sale to parents with preschool children, but also the reputation, image, and other innovative services offered by the institution such as puzzle and coloring areas (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). The main services of catering for the children’s individual development are tailored to meet the specific requirements of each age category and any other specialized requirements that may be dictated by the parents or guardians of children with special needs. The center provides entertainment and quality food to the children while they are in attendance. In addition to its core function of offering quality childcare, the center offers the following services to reinforce its earnings: Transportation services to and from the center for the children Specialized pre-arranged elderly care Operates an elementary school Pre-college counseling through its College Mentorship Programme Matching the Products with t he needs of Customers CareMax center exercises an open-door business policy whereby all parents and guardians with children at the school are invited after every two months to give their views on how childcare should be offered. Little children have very specialized needs, and thus the center benefits immensely from the frequent interactions between the parents and the administration, not mentioning the fact that such meetings offer a platform for the parents to expressively state their needs, and for the management to act decisively in developing products that will match up to the stated needs. Such an interaction has greatly assisted the child development center to remain ever conscious of the ever changing business environment. The center is always prepared to alter its operations and change direction when the needs of its major clients – the parents – demands so.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan for Day Care Operations: the Mak ing of CareMax Children’s Center, Hazel Green, Alabama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Product Development The center takes cognizance of the fact that it must continually develop new products and services if it is to remain relevant in modern-day competitive environment (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). Towards this objective, the parents are involved in the development of new services for their children, and are adequately informed about the advantages and disadvantages of the new services in terms of assisting the children to develop healthily in all critical facets of life. CareMax takes extraordinary measures to ensure that new services are safe and of relevance to the children’s learning capabilities according to regulations stated by the authorities. CareMax center is particularly keen to involve parents in the process of concept development since they form the center’s target market. The center is always keen to in corporate productive views presented by the parents and guardians especially in the features to be incorporated in the service (Ulrich Eppinger, 1999). This way, the new service is able to benefit the children in a more productive manner. In equal measure, the new product or service is expected to affect the parents in terms of pricing. The child development center therefore feels obliged to consult them so that their views and worries may be taken into account. Pricing CareMax children’s center realizes that the prices charged to its major clients, the parents, directly affect the performance and success of the institution (Entrepreneur Media, 2010). As such, the center is at the forefront in attempting to maintain a pricing policy that is fair and commensurate to the services offered while ensuring that major operations, processes, and profitability of the enterprise are not put into jeopardy. The center constantly reviews the prices offered, adjusting them appropriately t o satisfy the target market. This equilibrium in the business context is realized through the employment of the following procedures: Pricing Strategy CareMax center employs penetration pricing strategy to market its services to its customers. When new services are developed at the center, the introductory prices are always offered at a lower price than what is offered by other industry players for the same or similar service to attract more customers while allowing the existing customers to enjoy the entire promotional package (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). The prices may be adjusted later to reflect actual market trends.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is within the mandate of the management of CareMax center to determine the specific prices for each of the products and services on offer. To determine the prices, the center always employs the following principles: All prices must have the capacity to cover costs and profits The most efficient way to lower prices is to lower operational costs Prices of products and services must be reviewed regularly to ensure they offer a true reflection of the dynamics of cost, competition, target market demand and profit objectives (Entrepreneur Media, 2010). After objective considerations are made regarding the above factors, the child development center utilizes both competitive and markup pricing strategies for purposes of offering authentic pricing schedule, which is both age and needs specific. Competitive pricing is basically used to charge general accommodation charges for the children in line with the current prices at the market (Entrepreneur Media, 2010). For example, last year, t he center was charging $25 per hour for taking care of toddlers from 6 weeks old to 1 year. A market research initiated by the center for purposes of price appraisal revealed that all the other centers in Hazel Green were charging the same. As such, the center could not raise its fees. CareMax center utilizes markup pricing strategy to price some of its value-added services. The center calculates its markup price by adding a set amount of money to the cost of the service. For example, the center offers specialized meals to children depending on the ability of parents to pay for the specialized services. When charging for the special meals, the center adds a fixed amount of money to the actual cost of the meals to be charged to customers as the official price of the meals (Entrepreneur Media, 2010). In general, however, the center always reviews its prices: When a new service is introduced in the market When costs of operation changes When competitors adjust their prices When the st ate of economy experience either slump or inflation Price position At CareMax center, we greatly take cognizance of the fact that market demands and issues of supply and demand of our services institute real pressure on how we position our prices. As a small business, the center very much rely on issues of profitability, market value of services offered, and competitions to position prices according to the requirements of its target customers (Brand Positioning – price, 2006). Some of the objectives evaluated by the center while making decision on price position include: Profit maximization – Economic conditions (elasticity, competition) Market share – Government regulations and actions Leadership – Social concerns (seasonality) Service quality – Survival CareMax center is always keen to maintain a perfect equilibrium between the price ceiling and the price floor of its major services to keep its customers under lock-and-key while at the same time guaranteeing the competitive advantage of the center. The equilibrium is achieved by undertaking extensive market research to shed light on industry patterns and current prices offered by competitors for similar services. The center is vehemently aware that the demand of its services will decline if the price position stupendously moves towards the price ceiling (Diamantopoulos, 2003). At the same time, the center may fail to realize enough profits to boost its operations if the price balance plummets towards the price floor. As such, a perfect balance must be maintained to safeguard the interests of both the parents and the center. The figure below reveals a five-year average price position for toddlers under one year old. Price Sensitivity CareMax center is not often affected by issues relating to price sensitivity since its primary concern is the provision of affordable quality care to children in relatively dissimilar age categories. The prices are flexible depending on the pa rent’s ability to pay, and in line with the center’s traditional philosophy of catering for low-income bracket in the community. In this perspective, while price is viewed as an important factor by parents in making decisions on whether to use its services, the center has resoundingly responded by making the prices and modes of payment as flexible as possible. In this industry, parents have diverse reservation prices they are prepared to pay for services rendered (Diamantopoulos 2003). However, the center is purposing to standardize prices in the long-term to match particular age categories, leaving the flexibility clause to parents that are in need of services but are unable to pay using current market rates due to their social economic standing. Place/Distribution For a business offering childcare services such as CareMax, location is a major factor in any place considerations (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). CareMax center is located at the heart of Hazel Green Community, an d is easily accessible any time of the day from all directions. Parents from the surrounding suburbs can easily access the facility for convenience, while a perimeter fence has been elected to ensure the safety of children. Further, the center was purposely built in its present location, which is away from major traffic routes, to ensure the safety of children. This way, the parents, while undertaking the daily work-related activities, can be assured that their children are in one of the safest locations in Hazel Green. The playing areas are magnificently designed, and buildings uniquely decorated with pictures of animals, plants, and maps that not only serve as major attractions for children, but also assist in the general learning process. In addition, these designs leaves a permanent image on the minds of its target market – parents and guardians – that CareMax is indeed the place where their children can be assisted to gain maximum potential in this very critical p hase of development. The location and design strategies are working perfectly well, and no major changes are intended in the near future. Promotion The child development center is fully aware that to break even in this industry, it has to continue persuading the parents, its target market, about existing and new services on offer for their children. Towards the realization of this noteworthy objective, CareMax utilizes both direct and indirect methods of promotion (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). In direct promotion, the center utilizes the following: Advertising Publicity Special events sales in thank giving days and open days. The company also utilizes the following strategies in its indirect promotion programs: Public relations Customer relations Customer/client services Service packaging Advertising The center takes cognizance of the fact that advertising is particularly important if the promotional strategies are to achieve their intended objective – that of attracting new cu stomers while ensuring that existing clients are not poached by competitors (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). New and exiting customers must be made aware of new services whenever they hit the market. In this perspective, CareMax center utilizes the following advertising mediums: Local newspaper Local and regional magazines Community radio Fliers and brochures Specialty items such as calendars Market Research From time to time, CareMax center undertakes market research with a view of evaluating and identifying key areas that need adjustments, specifically in marketing of services, target markets, and competitions (Lownes-Jackson, 2004). This information is fundamentally important as it assists the managements to identify: Groups to be included in the target market Demographic characteristics of new and potential clients Customer spending habits Presently, the center is undertaking a primary market research to ascertain the reception and viability of a service package introduced last summe r. The package, known as ‘the CareMax All Rounder’ was intended to make the parents pay for all the services rendered at a premium instead of paying differently as if there are two centers offering different services under one name. The package has not been received warmly by the parents, and the telephone survey has been instituted to establish the reasons why this is so. Conclusion The future of CareMax looks bright if recent projections and market trends are anything to go by. The child development center has been able to create a brand name that is synonymous to the quality and flexibility of services offered. The heavy investments made by the institution in terms of staff members, children’s learning and playing areas, diversification of services to include transportation of the minors to and from school, and assiduous and conscientious management of the center has gone a long way in winning the hearts of many parents and guardians of children within Hazel G reen’s community, Alabama. The center has remained profitable despite huge overhead costs associated with the industry. Undeniably, catering for young children is a labor-intensive undertaking; but the center has continued raking considerable profits due to sound management principles. At CareMax center, we always shine†¦and shine above the rest. Reference List Brand positioning – price. (2006). Web. City-Data.Com. (2010). Hazel Green, Alabama. Retrieved from http://www.city-data.com/city/Hazel-Green-Alabama.html Diamantopoulos, A. (2003). Pricing. In: M.J. Baker (Eds). The marketing book. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN: 0750655364 Entrepreneur Media, Inc. (2010). Pricing a product. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/pricing-a-product Lownes-Jackson, M.G. (2004). Starting a child care center. London: A business of your Own. ISBN: 094326717X Ulrich, K., Eppinger, S. (1999). Product design and development, 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ISBN: 007229647X This report on Marketing Plan for Day Care Operations: the Making of CareMax Children’s Center, Hazel Green, Alabama was written and submitted by user Esmeralda Mcgowan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.